Amber Grid: Paid Growth Is Getting Expensive

Product Management
hard45 min0 submissions
Google
Scenario

Amber Grid's utilities product has grown almost entirely through paid acquisition. That is becoming unsustainable.

Unit economics (monthly):

  • Blended CAC: $1,553
  • ARPU: $902
  • Gross margin: 62%
  • Monthly churn: 6.7%

Existing referral behaviour:

  • 13% of active users invite at least one other person
  • 14% of those invitations convert to a signup

CAC has risen 65% over 18 months as auction competition increased. The CEO wants a growth model that does not depend on buying every user.

Supporting data

trend

cac increase 18m pct
65

referral

implied k factor
0.018
users inviting pct
13
invite conversion pct
14

unit economics

blended cac
1553
arpu monthly
902
estimated ltv
8347
ltv cac ratio
5.37
gross margin pct
62
monthly churn pct
6.7
Your task

Design the growth strategy. Provide:

  1. Analysis — current unit economics, payback period, and the strength of the existing loop.
  2. Risks — of the loop you propose and of continuing as-is.
  3. Recommendation — the specific loop to build and how you would prove it works.
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How you'll be graded

100 points, 60% to pass.

  • loop design25
  • growth model25
  • recommendation25
  • quantitative reasoning25
Hint
Reveal suggested structure
  1. LTV = ARPU × gross margin ÷ churn.
  2. LTV:CAC and payback period = CAC ÷ (ARPU × margin).
  3. K-factor = invite rate × conversion rate. K ≥ 1 is self-sustaining; below that the loop amplifies but does not replace paid.
  4. Identify the loop type — viral, content, or paid-recycled.
  5. Find the weakest step and fix that, rather than adding a new channel.